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How to Import to USA – Step by Step Guide for Businesses

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Financial Analyst

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Learn how to import goods into the USA with this step by step guide. Covers US customs rules, importer registration, HS codes, duties, FDA compliance, shipping, and customs clearance.

How to Import to USA: Step-by-Step Guide for Businesses

The United States is one of the world’s largest consumer markets and a major destination for global exporters. Importing goods into the USA offers significant business opportunities, but it also involves strict customs procedures, regulatory compliance, and accurate documentation.

This guide explains how to import goods into the USA step by step, helping businesses understand US customs rules, product regulations, and clearance processes.

Step 1: Set Up an Importer of Record (IOR)

To import into the USA, you must have:

  • A US-based company, or
  • A US individual or entity acting as Importer of Record, or
  • A licensed customs broker acting on your behalf

The Importer of Record is responsible for:

  • Customs filings
  • Duty and tax payments
  • Regulatory compliance

A valid IRS number (EIN or SSN) is required for customs entry.

Step 2: Identify and Classify the Product

Correct product classification is critical.

You must:

  • Determine the HS Code / HTS (Harmonized Tariff Schedule)
  • Identify applicable duty rates
  • Check if the product is restricted or regulated

Wrong classification may cause penalties, audits, or shipment seizure.

Step 3: Check US Import Regulations

Different US agencies regulate different products.

Common authorities include:

  • US Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
  • FDA – food, cosmetics, drugs, medical devices
  • USDA – agriculture, meat, plants
  • FCC – electronics and communication devices
  • CPSC – consumer products and toys

Some products require:

  • Pre-market registration
  • Product testing or certification
  • Import permits or special licenses

Step 4: Ensure Proper Labeling and Compliance

US labeling requirements are strict.

Key labeling elements:

  • English language labels
  • Country of origin marking
  • Product composition and usage details
  • Safety warnings and compliance symbols

Improper labeling can lead to shipment detention or re-export.

Step 5: Select the Supplier and Finalize Import Contract

Before shipping:

  • Verify supplier credentials
  • Agree on product specifications
  • Finalize pricing, quantity, and delivery timelines

The import contract should define:

  • Incoterms (FOB, CIF, or DDP)
  • Insurance responsibility
  • Compliance obligations

Step 6: Arrange Shipping and Logistics

Common shipping modes:

  • Sea freight – economical for bulk imports
  • Air freight – faster for urgent shipments
  • Courier mode – small parcels and samples

Key shipping documents:

  • Commercial Invoice
  • Packing List
  • Bill of Lading or Air Waybill
  • Certificate of Origin (if required)

Step 7: File Entry with US Customs

Customs entry is usually handled by a licensed US customs broker.

The process includes:

  • Filing entry documents with CBP
  • Submitting HS code and valuation
  • Declaring regulatory approvals
  • Paying estimated duties and taxes

Shipments may be selected for inspection or examination.

Step 8: Pay Import Duties and Taxes

Imported goods into the USA may attract:

  • Customs duty (as per HTS code)
  • Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF)
  • Harbor Maintenance Fee (for sea shipments)
  • State taxes (if applicable)

Duty rates vary by product and country of origin.

Step 9: Regulatory Review and Clearance

If the product falls under FDA, USDA, or other agencies:

  • Documents are reviewed electronically
  • Physical inspection may be conducted
  • Compliance must be confirmed before release

Delays often occur due to missing registrations or incorrect declarations.

Step 10: Cargo Release and Delivery

Once CBP approves:

  • Goods are released
  • Delivered to warehouse or distribution center
  • Inventory can be sold or distributed

A customs release notice confirms legal entry into the USA.

Step 11: Post-Import Compliance and Record-Keeping

Importers must:

  • Maintain records for a minimum of five years
  • Respond to audits or compliance checks
  • Handle recalls or regulatory actions if required

Proper documentation protects against penalties and future disputes.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Importing to USA

  • Using incorrect HS/HTS codes
  • Missing FDA or FCC registrations
  • Incorrect country of origin marking
  • Under-declared product value
  • Poor documentation management
  • Importing without a proper IOR

Conclusion

Importing into the USA can be a smooth and profitable process when handled with the right compliance framework. Businesses must focus on accurate product classification, regulatory approvals, proper documentation, and reliable customs brokers.

By following this step-by-step guide, importers can reduce delays, avoid penalties, and build a sustainable import business in the US market.

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