Author: Financial Analyst

  • Step-by-Step Process for Filing Valuation Report in India

    Step-by-Step Process for Filing Valuation

    Step 1: Identify the Purpose of Valuation

    Determine the reason for valuation:

    • Compliance under Companies Act
    • Income Tax Act (Rule 11UA / 11UAA)
    • FEMA / FDI reporting
    • Investor or funding requirement

    The purpose defines the method and authority required.


    Step 2: Appoint a Qualified Valuer

    Engage the appropriate professional:

    • Registered Valuer (Companies Act)
    • Merchant Banker (FDI / FEMA cases)
    • Chartered Accountant (Income Tax valuation)

    Step 3: Select Valuation Method

    Common valuation methods include:

    • Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)
    • Net Asset Value (NAV)
    • Comparable Company Method
    • Comparable Transaction Method

    The valuer selects the method based on business nature and regulations.


    Step 4: Prepare & Share Required Information

    Provide necessary documents such as:

    • Financial statements
    • Projected financials
    • Shareholding pattern
    • Business profile & pitch deck
    • Details of assets & liabilities

    Step 5: Valuation Analysis & Computation

    The valuer:

    • Reviews financials and projections
    • Applies valuation methodology
    • Calculates fair value per share / asset
    • Documents assumptions and workings

    Step 6: Issue Valuation Report

    A signed and certified valuation report is issued containing:

    • Purpose of valuation
    • Valuation method used
    • Fair value conclusion
    • Assumptions & limitations

    Step 7: Board Approval (If Applicable)

    • Place valuation report before Board
    • Pass board resolution approving valuation
    • Authorize usage for filings or transactions

    Step 8: Filing & Regulatory Use

    Use valuation report for:

    • MCA filings (PAS-3, MGT-14, SH-7, etc.)
    • Income Tax compliance
    • FEMA filings (FC-GPR, FC-TRS)
    • Investor agreements & audits

    Documents Required for Valuation

    • Last 2–3 years financial statements
    • Provisional/current year financials
    • Projected financials (3–5 years)
    • Shareholding details
    • Business model & revenue notes

    Time Required for Valuation

    Type of ValuationEstimated Time
    Share valuation (startup)3–5 working days
    Business valuation5–10 working days
    Complex restructuring10–15 working days

    Benefits of Proper Valuation Filing

    • Regulatory compliance
    • Avoids tax disputes
    • Investor confidence
    • Transparent pricing of shares
    • Smooth audits & due diligence

    How Saving Mantra Helps

    Saving Mantra offers end-to-end valuation support, including:

    • Purpose & method advisory
    • Registered valuer coordination
    • Startup & investor valuation
    • MCA, FEMA & tax filing support
    • Ongoing compliance management

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    Q1. Is valuation mandatory for share issuance?
    Yes, valuation is mandatory for private placement, preferential allotment, and ESOPs.

    Q2. Who can issue a valuation report?
    Only authorized professionals like Registered Valuers, Merchant Bankers, or CAs (as applicable).

    Q3. How long is a valuation report valid?
    Generally valid for 6 months, unless regulations specify otherwise.

    Q4. Is DCF mandatory for startups?
    DCF is commonly preferred for startups, especially for income tax and FEMA purposes.



    Disclaimer

    This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax, or valuation advice. Valuation requirements vary based on transaction type and regulations. Consult Saving Mantra experts for accurate and compliant valuation filing.


  • What Are Guaranteed Plans? Returns & Tax Benefits

    What Are Guaranteed Plans? – Complete Guide

    Guaranteed Plans are insurance-based savings and investment products that provide assured returns along with life insurance coverage. Unlike market-linked plans, guaranteed plans offer fixed and predictable payouts, making them suitable for risk-averse investors.

    These plans help individuals plan for long-term goals such as children’s education, marriage, retirement, or wealth creation with certainty.


    How Guaranteed Plans Work

    In a guaranteed plan:

    • You pay premiums for a fixed policy term
    • The insurer guarantees returns at maturity or in the form of periodic income
    • Life insurance cover protects your family in case of death

    Returns are declared in advance or through guaranteed additions as per policy terms.


    Types of Guaranteed Insurance Plans

    1. Guaranteed Savings Plans

    Provide lump-sum payout at maturity with life cover.

    2. Guaranteed Income Plans

    Offer regular income after premium payment period.

    3. Guaranteed Money Back Plans

    Provide periodic payouts during the policy term.

    4. Guaranteed Child Plans

    Ensure fixed payouts for child-related milestones.


    Number of Insurance Companies Offering Guaranteed Plans in India

    As regulated by IRDAI, guaranteed plans are offered by 24+ life insurance companies in India, including:

    Public Sector Insurer

    • Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)

    Private Life Insurance Companies

    • HDFC Life
    • ICICI Prudential Life
    • SBI Life
    • Max Life
    • Tata AIA Life
    • Bajaj Allianz Life
    • PNB MetLife
    • Aditya Birla Sun Life

    Each insurer offers multiple guaranteed return plans with different payout options.


    Tax Benefits of Guaranteed Plans in India

    Guaranteed plans provide tax efficiency under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

    1. Tax Deduction Under Section 80C

    • Premiums paid qualify for deduction up to ₹1.5 lakh per year
    • Applicable for self, spouse, and children

    2. Tax Exemption Under Section 10(10D)

    • Maturity amount and death benefit are generally tax-free
    • Subject to conditions on premium-to-sum-assured ratio

    Why Guaranteed Plans Are Important

    • Offer predictable and assured returns
    • Protect family with life insurance cover
    • Ideal for conservative investors
    • Help in long-term financial planning
    • Provide tax savings along with returns

    How to Choose the Right Guaranteed Plan

    • Define your financial goal and timeline
    • Compare guaranteed returns and payout options
    • Check premium payment term and policy tenure
    • Review insurer’s claim settlement ratio
    • Understand surrender and exit conditions

    Conclusion

    Guaranteed plans are an excellent choice for individuals seeking safe, assured returns with life insurance protection. With multiple insurance companies offering guaranteed plans and tax benefits under Sections 80C and 10(10D), these plans form a strong foundation for stable financial planning.

    At Saving Mantra, we help you compare guaranteed plans and choose the most suitable option based on your goals and risk appetite.


    Disclaimer

    This blog is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice. Guaranteed returns, policy benefits, and tax treatment are subject to policy terms, IRDAI regulations, and prevailing income tax laws. Readers are advised to consult a qualified financial advisor before investing.

  • What Is a Share Purchase Agreement (SPA)? Meaning, Benefits, and Process in India

    Introduction

    In mergers, acquisitions, and private investments, the transfer of company shares must be documented carefully to protect both buyers and sellers. One of the most critical legal documents used for this purpose is the Share Purchase Agreement (SPA). In India, an SPA ensures transparency, legal certainty, and compliance during share transactions.


    What Is a Share Purchase Agreement?

    A Share Purchase Agreement (SPA) is a legally binding contract between a seller and a buyer for the sale and purchase of shares of a company. It defines the terms, conditions, price, representations, warranties, and obligations of both parties involved in the transaction.

    An SPA is commonly used in:

    • Private equity investments
    • Acquisition of shareholding
    • Transfer of shares between shareholders
    • Startup funding rounds
    • Exit of existing investors

    When Is a Share Purchase Agreement Required in India?

    An SPA is typically required when:

    • Shares of a private limited company are transferred
    • Existing shareholders exit or dilute their stake
    • Investors acquire equity in a company
    • Business ownership changes through share transfer
    • Structured M&A transactions take place

    Key Components of a Share Purchase Agreement

    A standard SPA in India generally includes:

    • Details of buyer and seller
    • Number and class of shares being transferred
    • Purchase consideration and payment terms
    • Conditions precedent and closing conditions
    • Representations and warranties
    • Indemnity clauses
    • Covenants before and after closing
    • Transfer restrictions and approvals
    • Confidentiality obligations
    • Governing law and jurisdiction (India)
    • Dispute resolution mechanism

    Benefits of a Share Purchase Agreement

    1. Legal Protection

    Safeguards the interests of both buyer and seller.

    2. Transaction Transparency

    Clearly defines share price, payment mode, and timelines.

    3. Risk Allocation

    Indemnity and warranty clauses help manage future risks.

    4. Compliance Assurance

    Ensures adherence to company law, FEMA (if applicable), and taxation rules.

    5. Smooth Ownership Transfer

    Facilitates structured and dispute-free share transfers.


    Step-by-Step Process of Share Purchase Agreement in India

    Step 1: Preliminary Negotiation

    Buyer and seller agree on valuation, stake, and basic commercial terms.

    Step 2: Due Diligence

    Legal, financial, and compliance due diligence of the company is conducted.

    Step 3: Drafting of SPA

    A detailed SPA is drafted covering commercial and legal aspects.

    Step 4: Regulatory & Internal Approvals

    Approvals may be required from:

    • Board of Directors
    • Shareholders
    • Regulatory authorities (if applicable)

    Step 5: Execution of SPA

    The agreement is signed by all parties on stamp paper or via e-signature.

    Step 6: Payment & Share Transfer

    Consideration is paid and shares are transferred as per agreed terms.

    Step 7: Post-Closing Compliances

    Includes:

    • Updating share register
    • Filing ROC forms
    • Issuing share certificates

    Is a Share Purchase Agreement Mandatory in India?

    While the Companies Act, 2013 does not explicitly mandate an SPA for every share transfer, it is strongly recommended for structured transactions. In complex or high-value deals, an SPA is considered essential to avoid legal and financial disputes.


    Common Mistakes to Avoid

    • Vague representations and warranties
    • Improper valuation clauses
    • Ignoring tax implications
    • Missing indemnity protections
    • Not completing post-closing compliances

    Conclusion

    A Share Purchase Agreement is a vital legal document for any share transfer or investment transaction in India. It brings clarity, accountability, and legal certainty to the process while protecting all stakeholders involved.

    For businesses, startups, and investors, professionally drafted SPAs help ensure smooth transactions and long-term compliance.


    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer:
    This blog is intended for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, financial, or professional advice. Share transfer and investment transactions are subject to applicable laws, regulations, and factual circumstances. Readers are advised to consult qualified legal or financial professionals before drafting or executing a Share Purchase Agreement.

  • What Is POA for NRI? Meaning, Benefits & Process in India

    Introduction

    Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) often face challenges in managing their personal, financial, and property-related matters in India due to geographical distance. A Power of Attorney (POA) is a legal instrument that allows an NRI to authorize a trusted person in India to act on their behalf.

    This SavingMantra blog explains what a POA for NRI is, its benefits, and the step-by-step process to create and register a valid NRI POA in India.


    What Is POA for NRI?

    A Power of Attorney (POA) is a legal document through which an NRI (Principal) authorizes another person (called the Attorney or Agent) in India to perform specified acts on their behalf.

    These acts may include:

    • Managing property
    • Buying or selling real estate
    • Operating bank accounts
    • Representing before authorities
    • Handling legal matters

    Types of POA for NRI

    1. General Power of Attorney (GPA)
      • Grants broad authority for multiple acts
      • Commonly used for property management
    2. Special Power of Attorney (SPA)
      • Limited to a specific task or transaction
      • Preferred for property sale or court representation

    Benefits of POA for NRI

    1. Easy Management of Indian Assets

    Allows NRIs to manage property, investments, and finances without visiting India.

    2. Saves Time and Travel Cost

    Eliminates the need for frequent travel for legal and financial matters.

    3. Smooth Property Transactions

    Enables buying, selling, leasing, or maintaining property in India.

    4. Legal Representation

    Attorney can represent the NRI before banks, courts, and government authorities.

    5. Flexible and Revocable

    POA can be modified or revoked at any time by the NRI.


    Is Registration of NRI POA Mandatory?

    • Property-related POA must be registered in India
    • For immovable property transactions, registration is compulsory
    • POA executed abroad must be attested and adjudicated in India

    Step-by-Step Process to Execute POA for NRI


    Step 1: Draft the Power of Attorney

    Draft the POA clearly specifying:

    • Details of the NRI (Principal)
    • Details of the Attorney in India
    • Scope and limitations of powers
    • Validity period (if any)

    SPA is recommended for specific transactions.


    Step 2: Execute the POA Abroad

    The NRI must:

    • Sign the POA in the foreign country
    • Execute it before:
      • Indian Embassy/Consulate, or
      • Notary Public of that country

    Step 3: Attestation by Indian Embassy or Notary

    • Embassy attestation is widely preferred
    • Confirms authenticity of the document
    • Required for acceptance in India

    Step 4: Send POA to India

    Courier the original POA to India for further processing.


    Step 5: Stamp Duty Adjudication in India

    • POA must be stamped within 3 months of receipt in India
    • Stamp duty varies by state
    • Adjudication is done at the local stamp office

    Step 6: Register the POA (If Applicable)

    For property-related matters:

    • Visit Sub-Registrar Office
    • Present POA, identity proofs, and photographs
    • Registration is completed with biometric verification

    Step 7: Use the POA for Transactions

    Once stamped and registered:

    • Attorney can act on behalf of NRI
    • Transactions must strictly follow POA scope

    Documents Required for NRI POA

    • Draft POA
    • Passport copy of NRI
    • Visa / Residence proof
    • Passport & address proof of Attorney
    • Photographs
    • Witness details

    How to Revoke a POA?

    • Execute a POA Revocation Deed
    • Notify the attorney and relevant authorities
    • Register revocation deed (recommended)

    Conclusion

    A Power of Attorney is an essential legal tool for NRIs to manage their affairs in India efficiently. Proper drafting, attestation, stamping, and registration ensure the POA’s legal validity and prevent misuse.

    SavingMantra offers end-to-end assistance for NRI POA drafting, embassy attestation guidance, stamp duty adjudication, and registration support across India.


    Disclaimer

    This blog is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Stamp duty, registration rules, and procedural requirements may vary by state and are subject to change. NRIs are advised to consult a qualified legal professional before executing a Power of Attorney. SavingMantra is not responsible for any errors, omissions, or changes in law.

  • What Is Family Health Insurance? Cover & Tax Benefits

    Family Health Insurance, also known as a family floater health insurance plan, is a single health insurance policy that covers multiple family members under one shared sum insured. Typically, it includes self, spouse, children, and sometimes dependent parents.

    Family health insurance offers comprehensive medical coverage at a lower premium compared to purchasing individual policies for each family member.


    Who Is Covered Under Family Health Insurance?

    Most family health insurance plans cover:

    • Self
    • Spouse
    • Dependent children
    • Dependent parents (optional, based on insurer)

    Coverage can be customized depending on family size and medical needs.


    What Does Family Health Insurance Cover?

    A standard family health insurance policy includes:

    1. Hospitalization Expenses

    Room rent, ICU charges, doctor fees, medicines, and surgery costs.

    2. Pre & Post Hospitalization

    Medical expenses incurred before and after hospitalization.

    3. Day Care Treatments

    Procedures not requiring 24-hour hospitalization.

    4. Cashless Treatment

    Access to network hospitals across India.

    5. Additional Benefits

    Maternity cover, newborn cover, ambulance charges, and health check-ups (as per policy).


    Number of Insurance Companies Offering Family Health Insurance in India

    As regulated by IRDAI, family health insurance is offered by 30+ insurance companies in India, including:

    Public Sector Insurers

    • New India Assurance
    • United India Insurance
    • Oriental Insurance
    • National Insurance

    Private General Insurance Companies

    • ICICI Lombard
    • HDFC ERGO
    • Bajaj Allianz
    • Tata AIG
    • SBI General

    Standalone Health Insurers

    • Star Health & Allied Insurance
    • Niva Bupa Health Insurance
    • Care Health Insurance
    • ManipalCigna Health Insurance

    Tax Benefits of Family Health Insurance

    Family health insurance offers attractive income tax benefits under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

    Tax Deduction Under Section 80D

    • ₹25,000 for self, spouse, and dependent children
    • ₹25,000 for parents (below 60 years)
    • ₹50,000 for senior citizen parents
    • ₹50,000 if the policyholder is a senior citizen

    ✔ Preventive health check-ups up to ₹5,000 are included within the above limits.


    Why Family Health Insurance Is Important

    • Covers the entire family under one policy
    • Cost-effective compared to individual policies
    • Protects against rising medical costs
    • Provides tax savings
    • Offers peace of mind during medical emergencies

    How to Choose the Right Family Health Insurance Plan

    • Evaluate family medical history
    • Choose adequate sum insured
    • Check waiting periods and exclusions
    • Review hospital network
    • Compare premium and benefits

    Conclusion

    Family Health Insurance is a smart and economical way to protect your loved ones against medical emergencies. With multiple insurers offering comprehensive plans and tax benefits under Section 80D, family health insurance ensures both health security and financial stability.

    At Saving Mantra, we help families choose the right health insurance plan tailored to their needs and budget.


    Disclaimer

    This blog is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical, financial, or tax advice. Policy terms, coverage, and tax benefits are subject to change as per IRDAI guidelines and income tax laws. Readers are advised to consult a qualified insurance advisor or tax professional before purchasing any health insurance policy.

  • Step-by-Step Process for Filing NGO Registration in India

    Step-by-Step Process for Filing NGO Registration

    Step 1: Decide the Type of NGO

    Choose the appropriate structure based on:

    • Nature of activities
    • Geographical area of operation
    • Funding plans (CSR, foreign grants, donations)
    • Compliance preference

    Step 2: Select NGO Name

    • Choose a unique and meaningful name
    • Ensure the name does not violate trademarks or existing entities
    • Avoid prohibited or misleading words

    Step 3: Prepare Constitutional Documents

    Draft the core documents based on NGO type:

    • Trust Deed (for Trust)
    • Memorandum of Association (MOA) & Rules (for Society)
    • MOA & AOA (for Section 8 Company)

    These documents define:

    • Objectives
    • Management structure
    • Fund utilization
    • Dissolution clause

    Step 4: Collect Documents of Members

    Prepare documents of founders/trustees/directors:

    • PAN card
    • Aadhaar / Passport / Voter ID
    • Address proof
    • Passport-size photographs

    Step 5: Prepare Registered Office Proof

    Documents required:

    • Utility bill (not older than 2 months)
    • Rent agreement or ownership proof
    • No Objection Certificate (NOC) from owner

    Step 6: File NGO Registration Application

    File application with the appropriate authority:

    • Trust: Sub-Registrar Office
    • Society: Registrar of Societies
    • Section 8 Company: Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)

    Submit all documents and pay government fees.


    Step 7: Verification & Approval

    • Authorities verify documents and objectives
    • Clarifications may be requested
    • Upon approval, registration certificate is issued

    Step 8: Apply for PAN & Bank Account

    After registration:

    • Apply for PAN in NGO’s name
    • Open NGO bank account
    • Register on NGO Darpan (optional but recommended)

    Step 9: Apply for Tax & Funding Benefits (Optional)

    To enhance funding opportunities:

    • 12A Registration – Income tax exemption
    • 80G Registration – Tax benefit to donors
    • CSR-1 Registration – CSR funding eligibility
    • FCRA Registration – Foreign donations

    Documents Required for NGO Registration

    • Identity & address proof of members
    • NGO name approval
    • Registered office proof
    • Constitutional documents
    • Passport-size photographs

    Time Required for NGO Registration

    NGO TypeEstimated Time
    Trust7–10 working days
    Society10–15 working days
    Section 8 Company15–25 working days

    Benefits of NGO Registration

    • Legal recognition
    • Eligibility for government & CSR grants
    • Tax exemptions
    • Increased donor confidence
    • Transparency & accountability

    How Saving Mantra Helps

    Saving Mantra provides end-to-end NGO registration services, including:

    • Structure selection advisory
    • Drafting of Trust Deed / MOA / AOA
    • Registration filing & follow-ups
    • PAN, 12A, 80G, CSR-1 & FCRA assistance
    • Ongoing compliance support

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    Q1. Can a single person start an NGO?
    Trust requires minimum 2 trustees, Society requires minimum 7 members, Section 8 requires minimum 2 directors.

    Q2. Is NGO registration mandatory?
    Yes, registration is mandatory to operate legally and receive funds.

    Q3. Can an NGO earn profits?
    Yes, but profits must be used only for charitable objectives.

    Q4. Which NGO structure is best?
    Section 8 Company is preferred for credibility and CSR funding, while Trust and Society suit smaller operations.


    Disclaimer

    This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or professional advice. NGO laws and procedures may change. Consult Saving Mantra experts for accurate and updated guidance.


  • What Is Turnover Certification? Meaning, Benefits, and Process in India

    Introduction

    Many businesses in India are required to submit proof of their annual turnover for statutory compliance, government registrations, tenders, or bank-related purposes. One such important document is the Turnover Certification. It serves as an authenticated confirmation of a business’s turnover for a specific financial year and is commonly issued by a Chartered Accountant (CA).


    What Is Turnover Certification?

    A Turnover Certification is a formal certificate issued by a Chartered Accountant certifying the total turnover or gross receipts of a business for a particular financial year. The certification is based on the verification of financial records, books of accounts, and statutory returns.

    This certificate is widely accepted by government departments, banks, financial institutions, and regulatory authorities in India.


    Who Requires Turnover Certification in India?

    Turnover certification is commonly required by:

    • Proprietorship firms
    • Partnership firms and LLPs
    • Private and public limited companies
    • Startups and MSMEs
    • NGOs and trusts
    • Freelancers and professionals

    Common Uses of Turnover Certification

    Turnover certificates are required for:

    • MSME / Udyam registration
    • Government tenders and e-procurement
    • Bank loans and credit facilities
    • Subsidy and incentive schemes
    • Vendor empanelment
    • Statutory or departmental compliance
    • Internal audits and reporting

    Key Details Included in a Turnover Certificate

    A standard turnover certificate generally contains:

    • Name and constitution of the entity
    • Financial year covered
    • Total turnover or gross receipts
    • Basis of calculation (books of accounts, returns, etc.)
    • Date and place of issue
    • CA’s signature, membership number, and seal

    Benefits of Turnover Certification

    1. Authentic Financial Proof

    Provides verified and credible proof of turnover.

    2. Mandatory for Government & Bank Processes

    Essential for tenders, subsidies, and financing.

    3. Enhances Business Credibility

    Builds trust with authorities, lenders, and clients.

    4. Smooth Compliance

    Helps meet statutory and regulatory requirements.

    5. Accurate Financial Reporting

    Ensures turnover figures are verified and error-free.


    Step-by-Step Process to Obtain Turnover Certification in India

    Step 1: Identify the Requirement

    Determine the purpose and financial year for which turnover certification is required.

    Step 2: Prepare Financial Records

    Collect relevant documents such as:

    • Books of accounts
    • Income Tax Returns
    • GST returns (if applicable)
    • Financial statements

    Step 3: Verification by Chartered Accountant

    The CA verifies turnover based on:

    • Sales records
    • Profit & loss statements
    • GST filings or invoices

    Step 4: Drafting of Turnover Certificate

    The CA prepares the certificate in the required format.

    Step 5: Issuance of Certificate

    The certificate is issued on CA letterhead with signature and seal.

    Step 6: Submission to Authority

    The certified document is submitted to the concerned department or institution.


    Is Turnover Certification Mandatory in India?

    There is no single law mandating turnover certification, but it becomes mandatory when required by a specific authority, scheme, tender, or institution. In such cases, certification by a Chartered Accountant is compulsory.


    Common Mistakes to Avoid

    • Providing incomplete financial data
    • Mismatch between GST and books of accounts
    • Using uncertified or self-declared turnover
    • Submitting outdated financial year data
    • Not specifying the purpose clearly

    Conclusion

    Turnover Certification is an essential financial document for businesses in India to establish credibility, meet compliance requirements, and access financial or government benefits. Getting the certificate issued by a qualified professional ensures accuracy, reliability, and acceptance by authorities.

    For businesses seeking smooth compliance and documentation support, professional assistance can help avoid delays and errors.


    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer:
    This blog is published for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or professional advice. Turnover certification requirements may vary depending on applicable laws, authority guidelines, and business structure. Readers are advised to consult a qualified Chartered Accountant or professional advisor before applying for or using a turnover certificate.

  • What Is Will Probate? Meaning, Benefits & Probate Process in India

    Introduction

    After the death of a person, a Will outlines how their assets should be distributed. However, in many cases, especially for immovable property, the Will must be legally validated by a court through a process called Probate.

    Will Probate provides legal recognition to a Will and authorizes the executor to distribute assets as per the deceased’s wishes. This SavingMantra guide explains what probate of a Will is, its benefits, and the step-by-step probate process in India.


    What Is Will Probate?

    Probate is a legal certification issued by a competent court confirming that a Will is genuine and valid. Once probate is granted, the executor named in the Will is legally empowered to administer and distribute the estate.

    Probate establishes:

    • Authenticity of the Will
    • Authority of the executor
    • Legal validity of asset distribution

    Is Probate Mandatory in India?

    Probate requirements depend on location of property and type of Will.

    Probate is mandatory for:

    • Wills executed within Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata
    • Immovable property located in these cities

    Probate may be optional but advisable in other parts of India, depending on:

    • Local authority requirements
    • Nature of assets
    • Bank or property registrar policies

    Who Can Apply for Probate?

    • Executor named in the Will
    • If no executor is named, legal heirs can apply for Letters of Administration

    Benefits of Will Probate

    1. Legal Validation of the Will

    Confirms that the Will is genuine and enforceable.

    2. Authority to Executor

    Executor gains legal authority to manage and distribute assets.

    3. Protection Against Legal Disputes

    Reduces chances of challenges by heirs or third parties.

    4. Smooth Transfer of Property

    Required by banks, financial institutions, and property registrars.

    5. Court-Backed Evidence

    Probate acts as conclusive proof of the Will in legal proceedings.


    Step-by-Step Process for Will Probate in India


    Step 1: Identify the Jurisdiction

    Probate petition must be filed in the District Court or High Court having jurisdiction over:

    • Place where the deceased resided, or
    • Location of immovable property

    Step 2: Prepare Probate Petition

    The probate application includes:

    • Details of the deceased
    • Date and place of death
    • Copy of the Will
    • Details of executor and beneficiaries
    • List of assets and their value

    Step 3: File Probate Petition in Court

    Submit the probate petition along with:

    • Original Will
    • Death certificate
    • Identity proof of executor
    • Affidavit of executor
    • Valuation report of assets

    Court fees are paid based on asset value (varies by state).


    Step 4: Court Issues Public Notice

    • Court publishes notice in newspapers
    • Legal heirs and interested parties are invited to raise objections
    • Objection period is generally 30–45 days

    Step 5: Hearing and Verification

    If no objections:

    • Court verifies documents
    • Executor may be examined

    If objections arise:

    • Matter becomes contentious
    • Evidence and witness examination is conducted

    Step 6: Grant of Probate

    After satisfaction:

    • Court issues Probate Certificate
    • Executor receives authority to execute the Will

    Step 7: Execution of Will

    With probate:

    • Executor transfers property
    • Settles liabilities
    • Distributes assets as per Will

    Documents Required for Probate

    • Original Will
    • Death certificate
    • Identity & address proof of executor
    • Property documents
    • Asset valuation report
    • Legal heir details
    • Affidavit and court forms

    Timeline for Probate Process

    • Uncontested probate: 6–9 months
    • Contested probate: 1–3 years or more

    Timeline varies based on court workload and objections.


    Difference Between Probate and Letters of Administration

    BasisProbateLetters of Administration
    When applicableWill existsNo Will / no executor
    Who appliesExecutorLegal heirs
    Legal authorityCourt-grantedCourt-granted
    PurposeExecute WillManage estate

    Conclusion

    Probate of a Will is a crucial legal step to ensure that a deceased person’s wishes are carried out lawfully and without dispute. While probate is mandatory in certain cities, it is advisable in most cases involving immovable or high-value assets.

    SavingMantra provides expert assistance in probate filing, documentation, court coordination, and end-to-end estate administration support across India.


    Disclaimer

    This blog is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Probate requirements, court fees, and procedures may vary based on state laws and jurisdiction and are subject to change. Readers are advised to consult a qualified legal professional before initiating probate proceedings. SavingMantra is not responsible for any errors, omissions, or changes in law.

  • What Is a Will? Meaning, Benefits & Process to Make a Will in India

    Introduction

    Making a Will is one of the most important steps in personal financial and estate planning. A Will ensures that your assets are distributed according to your wishes after your death and helps your family avoid legal disputes and delays.

    In India, a Will is governed by the Indian Succession Act, 1925. Despite its importance, many people delay or avoid making a Will, leading to complications for legal heirs.

    This SavingMantra blog explains what a Will is, its benefits, and the step-by-step process to make a legally valid Will in India.


    What Is a Will?

    A Will is a legal document in which a person (called the Testator) declares how their movable and immovable assets should be distributed after their death.

    A Will can include:

    • Property (house, land, flat)
    • Bank deposits
    • Shares, mutual funds, bonds
    • Insurance proceeds
    • Jewellery and valuables
    • Any other personal assets

    A Will comes into effect only after the death of the testator.


    Who Can Make a Will in India?

    Any person can make a Will if:

    • They are 18 years or older
    • They are of sound mind
    • They are making the Will voluntarily, without pressure or coercion

    Benefits of Making a Will

    1. Ensures Distribution as per Your Wishes

    You decide who gets what, avoiding confusion and disputes.

    2. Avoids Family Disputes

    A clear Will reduces the chances of conflicts among legal heirs.

    3. Faster Transfer of Assets

    Legal heirs can claim assets smoothly without lengthy court processes.

    4. Appointment of Executor

    You can appoint a trusted person to execute your Will.

    5. Protection of Minor Beneficiaries

    You can appoint a guardian and create trusts for minors.

    6. Reduces Legal Complications

    Without a Will, assets are distributed as per succession laws, which may not align with your wishes.


    Is Registration of a Will Mandatory in India?

    • No, registration is not mandatory
    • However, a registered Will has higher evidentiary value and reduces chances of disputes
    • A Will can be registered at the Sub-Registrar Office

    Stamp duty is not required for making a Will in most states.


    Step-by-Step Process to Make a Will in India


    Step 1: Make a List of Your Assets

    Prepare a detailed list of:

    • Movable assets (bank accounts, investments)
    • Immovable assets (property, land)
    • Liabilities (if any)

    Mention ownership details clearly.


    Step 2: Identify Beneficiaries

    Decide:

    • Who will inherit your assets
    • Percentage or specific allocation
    • Special provisions for dependents or minors

    Step 3: Appoint an Executor

    Choose a reliable executor who will:

    • Carry out instructions in the Will
    • Distribute assets to beneficiaries
    • Handle legal formalities

    Executor can be a family member, friend, or professional.


    Step 4: Draft the Will

    A Will should include:

    • Personal details of the testator
    • Declaration of sound mind
    • Details of assets and beneficiaries
    • Executor appointment
    • Date and place of execution

    The Will can be handwritten or typed.


    Step 5: Sign the Will

    • The testator signs the Will
    • Must be signed in the presence of two witnesses
    • Witnesses should not be beneficiaries

    Step 6: Register the Will (Optional but Recommended)

    • Visit the Sub-Registrar Office
    • Submit original Will
    • Biometric verification is done
    • Will is registered and safely recorded

    Step 7: Safekeeping of the Will

    • Keep the Will in a safe place
    • Inform the executor about its location
    • You may store it with a lawyer or bank locker

    Can a Will Be Changed or Revoked?

    Yes. A Will can be:

    • Modified through a Codicil, or
    • Completely replaced by making a new Will

    The latest Will is considered legally valid.


    Difference Between Will and Nomination

    BasisWillNomination
    Legal AuthorityFinalCustodial
    Asset DistributionAs per WillAs per Will/Law
    Applicable ToAll assetsSpecific assets
    PriorityHighestSecondary

    Conclusion

    Making a Will is a simple yet powerful step to protect your family and ensure smooth transfer of your assets. With proper drafting, witnesses, and optional registration, a Will becomes a strong legal document that prevents future disputes.

    SavingMantra helps individuals with Will drafting, executor planning, registration assistance, and estate planning guidance across India.


    Disclaimer

    This blog is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Succession laws, registration practices, and legal interpretations may vary based on religion and state laws and are subject to change. Readers are advised to consult a qualified legal professional before drafting or registering a Will. SavingMantra is not responsible for any errors, omissions, or changes in law.

  • What Are Investment Plans? Types & Tax Benefits

    Investment plans are financial products designed to help individuals grow wealth, achieve long-term goals, and secure financial stability. In India, many investment plans are offered by life insurance companies, combining investment with insurance protection.

    These plans are suitable for goals such as retirement planning, children’s education, wealth creation, and tax saving.


    Types of Insurance-Based Investment Plans

    Insurance companies in India offer multiple investment-oriented plans:

    1. ULIPs (Unit Linked Insurance Plans)

    Combine market-linked investments with life cover.

    2. Endowment Plans

    Provide guaranteed returns along with life insurance protection.

    3. Money Back Plans

    Offer periodic payouts during the policy term.

    4. Pension & Retirement Plans

    Help build a retirement corpus with regular income post-retirement.

    5. Child Investment Plans

    Designed to secure children’s future education and milestones.


    Number of Insurance Companies Offering Investment Plans in India

    As regulated by IRDAI, investment plans are offered by 24+ life insurance companies in India, including:

    Public Sector

    • Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)

    Private Life Insurance Companies

    • HDFC Life
    • ICICI Prudential Life
    • SBI Life
    • Max Life
    • Tata AIA Life
    • Bajaj Allianz Life
    • PNB MetLife
    • Aditya Birla Sun Life

    Each insurer offers customized investment plans with varying risk and return profiles.


    Tax Benefits of Investment Plans in India

    Insurance-based investment plans offer significant tax advantages under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

    1. Tax Deduction Under Section 80C

    • Premiums paid are eligible for deduction up to ₹1.5 lakh per year
    • Applicable for self, spouse, and children

    2. Tax Exemption Under Section 10(10D)

    • Maturity amount and death benefit are generally tax-free
    • Subject to premium-to-sum-assured conditions

    3. Additional ULIP Benefits

    • Long-term capital gains taxation applies based on prevailing tax laws

    Why Investment Plans Are Important

    • Encourage disciplined long-term savings
    • Help achieve life goals with insurance protection
    • Offer tax efficiency
    • Provide financial security to family
    • Suitable for risk-averse and moderate investors

    How to Choose the Right Investment Plan

    • Define financial goals and time horizon
    • Understand risk appetite
    • Compare returns, charges, and lock-in periods
    • Check insurer’s claim settlement ratio
    • Review policy flexibility and exit options

    Conclusion

    Investment plans offered by insurance companies help combine wealth creation, life protection, and tax savings in one product. With multiple insurers offering diversified plans and attractive tax benefits, investment plans are a key component of smart financial planning.

    At Saving Mantra, we help you compare investment plans and choose the right solution aligned with your financial goals.


    Disclaimer

    This blog is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice. Investment returns are subject to market risks and policy terms. Tax benefits are subject to changes in income tax laws. Readers are advised to consult a qualified financial advisor before investing.