Saving Mantra Blogs

Author: Financial Analyst

  • Step-by-Step Process for Export to China

    Step-by-Step Process for Exporting to China

    Step 1: Obtain Importer-Exporter Code (IEC)

    You cannot export from India without IEC.

    Documents required:

    • PAN of business
    • Aadhaar / Registration proof
    • Bank details
    • Address proof

    Apply via the DGFT portal.

    Step 2: Understand China’s Market Requirements

    Research demand, regulatory barriers, and category-specific rules.

    Common regulated categories in China:

    • Agricultural & food items (CIQ inspection mandatory)
    • Pharmaceuticals & medical devices
    • Cosmetics (ingredient restrictions + animal testing laws)
    • Electronics & machinery (CCC certification)
    • Chemicals (Hazardous Chemical Catalogue)

    Check China’s:

    • Customs Tariff
    • Market Access Negative List
    • CIQ (China Inspection and Quarantine) Standards

    Step 3: Identify the Correct HS Code & China Tariff Rate

    Find the correct HS code for your product, then check:

    • Import duty rate
    • VAT applicable in China
    • Any trade restrictions

    Accurate HS classification ensures smooth customs clearance.

    Step 4: Prepare Mandatory Export Documentation

    China follows strict document scrutiny.

    Required documents include:

    1. Commercial Invoice
    2. Packing List
    3. Shipping Bill (from ICEGATE)
    4. Bill of Lading / Airway Bill
    5. Certificate of Origin
    6. Insurance Certificate
    7. China-specific certificates (if applicable)
    8. Test reports / safety certificates

    For food/agri exports:

    • Phytosanitary Certificate
    • CIQ-compliant labeling
    • Fumigation certificate

    Step 5: Check China-Specific Compliance Requirements

    Depending on the product, you may need:

    CCC (China Compulsory Certification)

    Applicable for:

    • Electrical products
    • Electronics
    • Automotive parts
    • Household appliances

    CIQ Clearance

    Mandatory for:

    • Food
    • Agricultural products
    • Chemicals
    • Minerals

    Labeling requirements:

    • Chinese language label
    • Ingredient details
    • Manufacturer details
    • Production & expiry date
    • Country of origin: “Made in India”

    Step 6: Choose the Best Shipping Method

    Sea Freight:

    Most common for China due to cost-efficiency for bulk cargo.

    Air Freight:

    Suitable for urgent or high-value shipments.

    Choose Incoterms (FOB, CIF, DDP etc.) as per buyer agreement.

    Step 7: File Shipping Bill & Complete Indian Customs Clearance

    Your CHA/freight partner will:

    • File documents through ICEGATE
    • Clear goods through Indian Customs
    • Arrange for loading

    Once cleared, goods move to the vessel/airline.

    Step 8: China Customs & CIQ Clearance

    On arrival in ports like Shanghai, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Qingdao, or Tianjin, customs checks:

    • Invoice & HS Code
    • Certificate of Origin
    • CCC compliance
    • CIQ inspection reports
    • Labeling accuracy

    CIQ may:

    • Inspect goods
    • Take samples
    • Reject or re-label non-compliant goods

    Ensure perfect documentation to avoid delays.

    Step 9: Delivery to Buyer / Distributor / Marketplace

    After clearance, goods reach:

    • Buyer’s warehouse
    • Chinese distributor
    • Processing units
    • E-commerce sellers (JD.com, Alibaba, Tmall Global)

    Maintain communication until delivery confirmation.

    Step 10: Claim Export Benefits in India

    After successful export, apply for:

    • RoDTEP rebates
    • Duty drawback (if applicable)
    • GST refund under LUT/Bond

    Keep export records safe for audits.

    Top Products India Exports to China

    • Iron ore & minerals
    • Organic chemicals
    • Plastics & polymers
    • Cotton yarn & textiles
    • Pharmaceuticals
    • Seafood
    • Engineering goods
    • Auto components
    • Spices

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

    1. Do I need Chinese labeling for every product?

    Yes, most retail and food products require Chinese-language labeling.

    2. Is CCC certification mandatory?

    For many electronics and machinery items, CCC is compulsory.

    3. What ports are commonly used for exports to China?

    Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Xiamen.

    4. Does China require special checks for food products?

    Yes, CIQ inspections and phytosanitary certificates are essential.

    5. Can Indian sellers export through Chinese marketplaces?

    Yes, through cross-border platforms such as Alibaba, JD Worldwide, and Tmall Global.

    Final Tips for Exporters to China

    • Follow Chinese labeling rules strictly.
    • Use experienced freight forwarders familiar with China trade.
    • Maintain clear communication with Chinese buyers.
    • Track regulatory changes regularly (China modifies compliance rules frequently).

    Disclaimer

    This blog is for informational purposes only. Export regulations, documentation requirements, and China Customs/CIQ rules may change based on government notifications. Readers should consult certified professionals before acting on any guidance provided here. Saving Mantra is not responsible for any decisions made based on this content.

  • What is an Occupancy Certificate: Check, Benefits & Process in India

    Introduction

    An Occupancy Certificate (OC) is one of the most important documents for homebuyers, builders, and businesses establishing operations in a new building. It certifies that the property has been constructed as per approved plans, safety norms, and local authority guidelines, making it legally fit for occupation. Without an OC, the building is considered incomplete and may face legal, financial, and utility-related restrictions.

    This guide explains what an Occupancy Certificate is, how to check it, the benefits, and the step-by-step approval process in India.

    What is an Occupancy Certificate?

    An Occupancy Certificate is an official document issued by the local municipal authority or development authority after verifying that the building:

    • Follows the sanctioned building plan
    • Meets structural and safety standards
    • Complies with fire safety, drainage, water, and environmental norms
    • Is safe and suitable for occupation

    It is usually obtained by the builder/developer after completing construction.

    Difference Between Completion Certificate (CC) and Occupancy Certificate (OC)

    ParameterCompletion Certificate (CC)Occupancy Certificate (OC)
    PurposeConfirms construction is completed as per planConfirms building is safe for occupation
    Issued AfterCompletion of constructionInspection & safety clearance
    Required ForProject completion legalityPossession, utilities, loan, occupancy rights

    How to Check Occupancy Certificate Online?

    In most states, you can check OC status online on the local authority portal:

    • Municipal corporation website
    • Development authority portal
    • RERA portal (in some cases)

    Steps:

    1. Visit your city’s municipal or urban development website
    2. Go to Building Permission/Approval section
    3. Enter property details:
      • Project name
      • Building permit number
      • Builder name
      • Property/flat details
    4. Download the OC (if available)

    Offline checking can be done by visiting the local municipal office with property details.

    Benefits of Occupancy Certificate

    1. Legal Proof of Building Safety

    OC confirms that the building follows structural, fire, and safety regulations.

    2. Essential for Water, Electricity & Sewage Connections

    Authorities may refuse permanent utility connections if OC is missing.

    3. Required for Home Loan Processing

    Banks demand OC before approving or releasing final loan installments.

    4. Protects Against Demolition or Penalties

    Buildings without OC are considered unauthorised and may face legal action.

    5. Ensures RERA Compliance

    OC helps homebuyers verify that the building meets regulatory norms.

    6. Helps in Property Resale & Transfer

    Buyers and registrars often check OC before executing a resale deed.

    Step-by-Step Process to Obtain Occupancy Certificate in India

    Step 1: Submit Application to Local Authority

    Builder/developer submits OC application with:

    • Approved building plan
    • Completion Certificate
    • Structural stability certificate
    • Fire NOC
    • Lift inspection report (if applicable)
    • Water, sewage, drainage compliance

    Step 2: Inspection by Municipal/Development Authority

    The authority inspects:

    • Building alignment and structural stability
    • Safety systems (fire, electrical, lighting)
    • Parking, set-backs, FSI compliance
    • Quality of construction
    • Drainage and sanitation system

    Step 3: Rectification (If Any Deviations Found)

    If violations or deviations from the approved plan are detected,
    the builder must:

    • Correct the issues
    • Submit revised documents
    • Apply for re-inspection

    Step 4: Approval & Issuance of Occupancy Certificate

    Once all conditions are met, the authority issues the OC.
    The certificate typically includes:

    • Name of project and builder
    • Survey number
    • Building details
    • Approval reference
    • Date of issue

    This document legally authorizes occupants to stay in the building.

    Documents Required for Occupancy Certificate

    • Copy of sanctioned building plan
    • Fire department NOC
    • Lift installation NOC
    • Completion Certificate (CC)
    • Structural stability & safety certificate
    • Photographs of building
    • Sewerage and water connection certificates
    • Tax paid receipts

    Risks of Buying Property Without an OC

    • Bank loan rejection
    • No permanent water/electricity connection
    • Legal action by municipal corporation
    • Difficulty in resale or renting
    • Risk of demolition or penalties

    Always ensure the builder has an OC before taking possession.

    Saving Mantra Support

    Saving Mantra assists with:

    • Building plan approvals
    • OC/CC documentation support
    • Liaison with municipal authorities
    • Legal and compliance checks
    • Property due diligence
    • Urban development advisory

    Disclaimer

    This article provides general information about Occupancy Certificates (OC) in India. Rules, documentation, and approval processes may vary across states, cities, and local municipal bodies. This content should not be treated as legal or technical advice. For project-specific guidance, please consult a qualified architect, civil engineer, municipal authority, or real estate compliance expert. Saving Mantra can assist with personalized advisory based on your requirements.

  • What is a Rent Agreement, Benefits and Process in India

    A Rent Agreement is a legal contract between a landlord and a tenant that defines the terms and conditions for renting a property. It protects both parties by clearly stating rights, responsibilities, rent amount, duration, and other important terms.

    Whether you are renting a house, shop, office, or apartment, a written and registered Rent Agreement is essential for legal safety.

    What is a Rent Agreement?

    A Rent Agreement (also called a Lease Agreement) is a legal document that includes:

    • Details of the landlord and tenant
    • Rent amount and deposit
    • Duration of the rental period
    • Maintenance rules
    • Termination and notice period
    • Rights and obligations of both parties

    It ensures transparency and reduces the chances of disputes.

    Types of Rent Agreements in India

    1. 11-Month Lease (Most Common)

    Widely used for residential properties. It avoids certain strict tenancy laws, making it flexible.

    2. Long-Term Lease

    Used for commercial properties or long-term rentals.

    3. Commercial Rent Agreement

    For shops, offices, warehouses, showrooms, etc.

    Benefits of a Rent Agreement

    1. Legal Protection

    Prevents disputes by clearly mentioning rent amount, duration, and responsibilities.

    2. Proof of Residence

    Tenants can use the agreement for Aadhaar, passport, bank, job verification, etc.

    3. Security for Landlords

    Ensures timely rent payment, property protection, and a legal remedy if the tenant defaults.

    4. Defines Terms Clearly

    Covers electricity, maintenance, parking, security deposit, and other essential rules.

    5. Prevents Misuse of Property

    Landlords can set rules on usage, subletting, visitors, and activities inside the property.

    Step-by-Step Process for Making a Rent Agreement in India

    Step 1: Discuss Terms Between Landlord and Tenant

    Agree on:

    • Rent amount
    • Security deposit
    • Duration (usually 11 months)
    • Maintenance charges
    • Notice period
    • Electricity & water charges

    Step 2: Draft the Rent Agreement

    Include important details:

    • Names and addresses of both parties
    • Property description
    • Rent and deposit
    • Duration
    • Responsibilities
    • Renewal terms
    • Signatures

    You can use a professional draft or an online template.

    Step 3: Print on Stamp Paper

    As per state rules, the Rent Agreement must be printed on stamp paper of appropriate value.
    Stamp duty varies by state and is based on rent and lease duration.

    Step 4: Sign the Agreement

    The landlord and tenant must:

    • Sign the agreement
    • Paste photographs
    • Attach ID proof
    • Ensure two witnesses sign the document

    Step 5: Register the Rent Agreement (Recommended or Mandatory in Some States)

    Visit the Sub-Registrar Office with:

    • Draft Rent Agreement
    • Stamp paper
    • Aadhaar & PAN
    • Photographs
    • Witnesses

    Some states also offer online e-registration, especially for 11-month agreements.

    Registration makes the agreement legally enforceable.

    Step 6: Keep Copies for Records

    Both parties should keep:

    • Original signed agreement
    • Registered copy
    • Payment receipts

    These may be required for legal, banking, or verification purposes.

    Important Clauses to Include

    • Lock-in period
    • Maintenance charges
    • Late payment penalties
    • Property usage rules
    • Tenant responsibilities
    • Security deposit refund conditions

    A well-written agreement prevents future conflicts.

    FAQ

    Q1. Is registration of Rent Agreement mandatory?
    For leases above 12 months, registration is mandatory. For 11-month agreements, it is recommended for safety.

    Q2. Who pays the stamp duty and registration charges?
    Usually shared, but it depends on the mutual agreement.

    Q3. Can a Rent Agreement be renewed?
    Yes, landlords and tenants may renew with updated terms.

    ⚠ Disclaimer

    This article provides general information on Rent Agreements in India. Stamp duty rules, registration requirements, and legal obligations vary by state. Always consult a lawyer, real estate advisor, or registrar before finalizing or registering a Rent Agreement.

  • Nuts and Dry Fruits Export: Step-by-Step Process for Exporters

    Step 1: Obtain Import Export Code (IEC)

    IEC is mandatory for any exporter in India.

    Apply through the DGFT portal:
    👉 https://www.dgft.gov.in/

    Required documents:

    • PAN
    • Aadhaar
    • Bank details
    • Business registration documents

    Step 2: Register Your Business with APEDA

    APEDA registration is required for exporters of agricultural and processed food products, including dry fruits.

    How to Register:

    1. Visit: 👉 https://www.apeda.gov.in/
    2. Click “Register as Member”
    3. Fill business details
    4. Upload documents
    5. Pay the registration fee

    Documents Needed:

    • IEC Certificate
    • PAN Card
    • GST Certificate
    • Bank Certificate / Cancelled Cheque
    • Company Registration Documents

    APEDA will issue an RCMC certificate, valid for 5 years.

    Step 3: Select Nuts/Dry Fruits for Export

    Popular categories include:

    • Almonds
    • Cashews
    • Raisins
    • Walnuts
    • Pistachios
    • Dates
    • Figs
    • Apricots
    • Mixed dry fruit products

    Identify the countries where demand is highest—Middle East, Europe, USA, and Southeast Asia.

    Step 4: Ensure Quality Standards & Testing

    Quality compliance is critical for nuts and dry fruits due to food safety regulations.

    Tests may include:

    • Aflatoxin testing
    • Moisture analysis
    • Grade & size classification
    • Pesticide residue tests
    • Microbiological testing

    Testing should be performed at APEDA or NABL-approved laboratories.

    Step 5: Focus on Packaging & Labelling Requirements

    Export packaging must preserve freshness, prevent contamination, and meet international standards.

    Packaging Materials:

    • Vacuum packs
    • Zip-lock pouches
    • Food-grade plastic
    • Aluminium laminated packs
    • Bulk jute bags (for certain nuts)

    Labels must include:

    • Product name
    • Net weight
    • Batch number
    • Country of origin
    • Exporter details
    • Manufacturing & expiry date
    • Storage instructions

    Each country may have unique labeling rules—ensure compliance.

    Step 6: Find International Buyers or Distributors

    You can find buyers through:

    • B2B portals (Alibaba, Tradekey, Indiamart International)
    • APEDA buyer-seller meets
    • International food expos
    • Social media & digital marketing campaigns
    • Export houses

    Build long-term relations for recurring orders.

    Step 7: Prepare Export Documentation

    Key export documents include:

    • Commercial Invoice
    • Packing List
    • Bill of Lading / Airway Bill
    • Certificate of Origin
    • Phytosanitary Certificate (for plant products)
    • Fumigation Certificate
    • Certificate of Quality from approved labs
    • Insurance Certificate
    • APEDA RCMC copy

    Your CHA (Customs House Agent) can assist with documentation.

    Step 8: Customs Clearance & Shipment

    Log into the ICEGATE portal for customs filing.

    Customs checks include:

    • Quality compliance
    • Packaging standards
    • Documentation review

    Once cleared, goods are shipped by:

    • Air freight (faster, for premium dry fruits)
    • Sea freight (cost-effective for bulk quantities)

    Step 9: Post-Shipment Obligations

    • Track shipment
    • Share documents with foreign buyer
    • Handle payment via LC, advance, or bank transfer
    • Submit export returns (if required)
    • Maintain batch-wise traceability

    Benefits of Exporting Nuts and Dry Fruits

    • High global demand
    • Attractive profit margins
    • Long shelf life
    • Low storage and transport risk
    • Government export incentives

    Conclusion

    Exporting nuts and dry fruits can be a highly profitable venture with consistent international demand. By following this step-by-step SavingMantra guide, exporters can easily set up the business, meet compliance requirements, ensure product quality, and successfully ship to global markets.

    SavingMantra assists exporters with documentation, APEDA registration, lab testing support, buyer identification, and end-to-end export compliance.

    Disclaimer

    This blog provides general guidance based on publicly available export regulations and APEDA guidelines. Requirements, processes, and fees may change without notice. Exporters should verify the latest updates with government authorities or consult an export professional. SavingMantra is not responsible for any errors, omissions, or regulatory changes.

  • What is a Joint Venture Agreement, Benefits and Process in India

    A Joint Venture (JV) Agreement is a legal contract where two or more businesses come together to work on a specific project or business activity.
    Each party shares resources, risks, profits, and responsibilities as agreed.

    Joint Ventures are very common in India, especially in sectors like manufacturing, construction, technology, trading, and infrastructure.

    What is a Joint Venture Agreement?

    A Joint Venture Agreement outlines how two or more companies or individuals will work together for a common business goal.

    It clearly defines:

    • Ownership and investment
    • Roles and responsibilities
    • Profit-sharing terms
    • Duration of the partnership
    • Management rights
    • Exit process

    A JV can be formed as a contractual JV or as a separate legal entity (like a private limited company).

    Types of Joint Ventures in India

    1. Equity Joint Venture

    Both parties create a new company and hold equity in agreed percentages.

    2. Contractual Joint Venture

    Parties work together based on a contract without forming a new legal entity.

    3. Project-Based Joint Venture

    Created for a specific project (e.g., construction contract).

    4. Functional Joint Venture

    Parties collaborate on certain business functions—like R&D, manufacturing, or distribution.

    Benefits of a Joint Venture Agreement

    1. Shared Resources and Expertise

    Companies can combine strengths, technologies, and capabilities.

    2. Reduced Risk and Cost

    Both parties share the financial and operational risks.

    3. Faster Market Entry

    Helps foreign companies enter India through local partnerships, and Indian businesses expand globally.

    4. Better Innovation and Technology Transfer

    Encourages knowledge sharing and innovation.

    5. Clear Legal Protection

    Prevents disputes with written rules and obligations.

    6. Flexible Structure

    Can be short-term or long-term, project-based or strategic.

    Step-by-Step Process for Creating a Joint Venture Agreement in India

    Step 1: Identify the JV Partner

    Choose a partner with:

    • Financial stability
    • Industry knowledge
    • Shared goals
    • Good reputation

    A background check is highly recommended.

    Step 2: Define the Purpose and Scope of the JV

    Both parties should agree on:

    • Business objective
    • Roles and responsibilities
    • Financial contributions
    • Technology sharing
    • Territory and market focus

    Step 3: Decide the JV Structure

    Choose either:

    • Equity JV (new company formed), or
    • Contractual JV (agreement-based partnership)

    This affects taxation, liability, and compliance.

    Step 4: Draft the Joint Venture Agreement

    Include essential clauses such as:

    • Ownership percentage
    • Management and voting rights
    • Profit distribution
    • Intellectual property rights
    • Confidentiality
    • Non-compete
    • Termination and exit terms
    • Dispute resolution

    Professional legal drafting is highly recommended.

    Step 5: Sign the Agreement

    Once all parties agree:

    • Finalize the contract
    • Sign digitally or physically
    • Ensure witnesses (if required)

    The agreement becomes legally enforceable after signing.

    Step 6: Register the JV Entity (If Applicable)

    If you are creating a new company:

    • Apply for name approval
    • Draft MOA and AOA
    • Incorporate the company through MCA
    • Apply for PAN, TAN, GST, and other licenses

    Step 7: Begin Operations

    After completing all legal formalities:

    • Open a bank account
    • Contribute capital
    • Start operations as per the agreement
    • Maintain proper accounts and reporting

    Key Clauses Every JV Agreement Must Have

    • Capital contribution details
    • Board and management structure
    • Profit-sharing ratio
    • Technology or IP ownership
    • Exit clauses (buyout, deadlock resolution)
    • Confidentiality terms
    • Dispute settlement (arbitration, court jurisdiction)

    FAQ

    Q1. Is a Joint Venture Agreement legally binding?
    Yes, once signed, it becomes a legally enforceable contract.

    Q2. Do we need to register a JV Agreement?
    Registration is not always required, but forming a new JV company must be registered with MCA.

    Q3. Can a foreign company enter a JV in India?
    Yes, many foreign companies partner with Indian firms for manufacturing, distribution, and technology partnerships.

    ⚠ Disclaimer

    This article provides general information about Joint Venture Agreements in India. Actual legal requirements depend on the nature of business, investment structure, and partnership terms. Always consult a legal expert or company secretary before drafting or signing a Joint Venture Agreement.

  • Notice to Vacate Premises – For Tenants: Meaning, Benefits & Process in India

    Introduction

    A Notice to Vacate Premises is a formal written communication by a landlord asking a tenant to leave the rented property within a specific period. It is an essential step under tenancy laws in India and helps both parties avoid disputes. The notice clearly states the reason, timeline, and expectations for handing over the premises.

    This Saving Mantra guide explains what the notice means, why it is important, and the complete process involved for tenants in India.

    1. What Is a Notice to Vacate Premises?

    A Notice to Vacate is a legal notice issued by a landlord informing the tenant to:

    • Vacate the rented property,
    • Clear outstanding dues,
    • Maintain property condition, and
    • Handover possession by a mentioned date.

    It is used when:

    • The rent agreement is ending,
    • The tenant has violated terms,
    • The landlord needs the property for personal use,
    • The landlord wants to discontinue the tenancy.

    The notice is usually sent by registered post, courier, email, or legal notice through an advocate.

    2. Key Benefits of a Notice to Vacate (For Landlords & Tenants)

    For Landlords

    • Legal Protection: Acts as a formal record if the tenant does not leave.
    • Clear Communication: Avoids misunderstandings and prevents disputes.
    • Required Step Before Eviction: Courts generally expect a written notice before filing eviction proceedings.

    For Tenants

    • Time to Make Arrangements: Helps tenants plan their shift without sudden pressure.
    • Transparency: Reason for vacating and timeline is clearly communicated.
    • Opportunity to Resolve Issues: If dues or disputes exist, tenants may settle them before legal action.
    • Proof of Communication: Tenants also get a record of landlord’s request, helping in fair negotiations.

    3. Step-by-Step Process of Sending or Receiving a Notice to Vacate (India)

    Step 1: Review the Rent Agreement

    Check:

    • Notice period (commonly 15, 30, or 60 days),
    • Conditions under which premises must be vacated,
    • Renewal and termination clauses.

    This agreement guides the entire process.

    Step 2: Draft a Clear Notice

    A proper notice must include:

    • Landlord’s name and address
    • Tenant’s name and address
    • Property details
    • Reason for vacating (optional but recommended)
    • Final date for vacating
    • Pending dues (if any)
    • Handover instructions (keys, meter readings, paint/repair requirements)

    Notices may be prepared by the landlord or through a lawyer.

    Step 3: Send the Notice Through Valid Channels

    Common delivery methods include:

    • Registered Post / Speed Post
    • Courier
    • WhatsApp / Email (with delivery proof)
    • Advocate-issued legal notice

    Always keep proof of delivery, as it may be required in future disputes.

    Step 4: Tenant Responds or Acts Within the Notice Period

    The tenant may:

    • Agree and vacate,
    • Request more time,
    • Dispute the notice (with reasons),
    • Clear pending dues,
    • Initiate negotiation with the landlord.

    If the tenant does not respond, the landlord may proceed with legal options.

    Step 5: Handover and Final Settlement

    Before vacating, the tenant should:

    • Clear rent and utility payments
    • Repair minor damages
    • Remove belongings
    • Return keys to the landlord

    The landlord should return the security deposit after necessary deductions, if any.

    Step 6: Legal Action if Tenant Does Not Vacate

    If the tenant refuses to leave after the notice period:

    • The landlord can file an eviction petition under the Rent Control Act of the respective state.
    • Courts usually consider whether proper written notice was issued.

    4. When is a Notice to Vacate Legally Required?

    A notice is required in most cases, especially when:

    • The rent agreement mandates a notice period,
    • The landlord wants to terminate a month-to-month tenancy,
    • There is non-payment of rent,
    • Tenant has breached major conditions of the lease.

    However, emergency eviction without notice is generally not allowed in India except in special legal cases.

    5. Saving Mantra Tips for Tenants & Landlords

    • Always keep written documentation of communication.
    • Follow the notice period mentioned in the agreement.
    • Do not forcibly evict a tenant — it is illegal.
    • Maintain records of rent receipts, electricity bills, and repairs.
    • Tenants should request a written clearance when handing over keys.
    • Landlords should return security deposits promptly after inspection.

    Disclaimer

    This guide is for general informational purposes only. Tenancy laws in India vary by state, and legal requirements depend on specific agreements and circumstances. Please consult a qualified legal professional or advocate for advice tailored to your situation. Saving Mantra is not responsible for actions taken based on this guide.

  • Australia Tax Return for Indian Employees – Step-by-Step Guide

    Introduction

    Indian employees working in Australia—whether on work visas, student visas, or short-term assignments—must lodge an annual Australia Tax Return with the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). Filing your tax return ensures correct reporting of income, claiming eligible deductions, and receiving refunds if excess tax was withheld. This guide explains the entire process in a simple, step-by-step format to help Indian professionals stay fully compliant.

    Who Must File an Australian Tax Return?

    You generally need to lodge a tax return if you:

    • Worked in Australia and earned income
    • Had tax deducted from your salary
    • Are considered an Australian resident for tax purposes
    • Have investment or bank interest income
    • Are leaving Australia permanently
    • Want to claim a tax refund

    Step-by-Step Process for Filing Australia Tax Return

    Step 1: Determine Your Tax Residency Status

    Australia has different tax rules for:

    • Resident for tax purposes
    • Non-resident
    • Temporary resident

    The ATO residency test depends on:

    • Length of stay
    • Purpose of visit
    • Employment contract
    • Accommodation arrangements

    Tax residency determines your tax rate and deduction eligibility.

    Step 2: Gather Required Documents

    Before lodging your return, collect:

    • Tax File Number (TFN)
    • PAYG Payment Summary / Income Statement from employer
    • Bank interest statements
    • Superannuation details
    • Visa category and passport information
    • Records of work-related expenses
    • Private health insurance statements (if applicable)
    • Investment or foreign income details

    Accurate documents help avoid errors and ATO revisions.

    Step 3: Check Income Types You Must Report

    Indian employees must report:

    • Salary/Wages
    • Allowances
    • Overtime
    • Bonus
    • Bank interest
    • Dividends
    • Part-time/side income
    • Overseas income (if tax resident)

    Non-residents report only Australian-sourced income.

    Step 4: Identify Eligible Deductions

    You can reduce your taxable income by claiming allowable deductions such as:

    • Work-related travel and transport
    • Professional tools, equipment, PPE
    • Mobile/internet used for work
    • Union fees, memberships, certifications
    • Work-from-home expenses
    • Self-education related to current job
    • Depreciation on laptops or devices
    • Donation receipts to registered charities

    Keep receipts or bank proofs for all claims.

    Step 5: Access MyGov & Link ATO Account

    1. Create a myGov account
    2. Link the Australian Taxation Office
    3. Verify identity (TFN, DOB, bank details, ATO notice number)
    4. Access pre-filled tax information

    This makes filing faster and error-free.

    Step 6: Lodge Your Tax Return Online

    Go to: myTax (inside myGov)
    Enter:

    • Personal details
    • Employment income
    • Deductions
    • Bank account for refund
    • Residency status
    • Investment or foreign income

    Review your return carefully and submit to ATO.

    Step 7: Track Status & Respond to ATO

    ATO processes returns usually within 2–4 weeks.
    During assessment:

    • ATO may request proof of expenses
    • You may be asked for identity verification
    • Refund is transferred to your Australian bank account

    Keep checking notifications in your myGov inbox.

    Step 8: Apply for Superannuation Refund (If Leaving Australia)

    Indian employees leaving Australia permanently may claim a DASP (Departing Australia Superannuation Payment).
    Requirements:

    • Passport
    • Super fund details
    • Visa cancellation/expiration

    DASP refunds are processed separately from tax refunds.

    Important Deadlines

    • Tax Year: 1 July – 30 June
    • Lodgment Deadline: 31 October
    • Extension: Available if using a registered tax agent

    Common Mistakes to Avoid

    • Incorrect residency declaration
    • Missing bank interest income
    • Claiming deductions without receipts
    • Not reporting overseas income (if resident for tax purposes)
    • Using wrong bank account for refunds
    • Not filing tax returns for previous years

    Saving Mantra Support

    Saving Mantra helps Indian employees and freelancers working in Australia with:

    • Tax residency assessment
    • Document preparation
    • ATO filing support
    • Deductions and refund maximization
    • Past year return corrections
    • Superannuation refund guidance

    Disclaimer

    This blog provides general information on the Australia Tax Return process for Indian employees. Tax rules, residency criteria, and deduction allowances are subject to change based on ATO regulations and individual circumstances. This content should not be treated as financial, tax, or legal advice. For case-specific assistance, consult a registered tax agent, ATO representative, or a qualified tax professional. Saving Mantra can provide general guidance but does not replace certified tax advisory.

  • Step-by-Step Process for Export to the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

    Step-by-Step Process for Exporting to the UAE

    Step 1: Obtain Importer-Exporter Code (IEC)

    IEC is mandatory for any business exporting goods from India.

    You need:

    • PAN
    • Business Registration
    • Bank Certificate / Cancelled Cheque
    • Address Proof

    IEC is issued by DGFT and serves as your primary export identity.

    Step 2: Understand UAE Market Requirements

    Before exporting, check UAE-specific regulations.

    Key UAE regulatory authorities:

    • UAE Ministry of Economy
    • Dubai Municipality (DM) – Food, cosmetics, consumer goods
    • ESMA – Emirates Authority for Standardization & Metrology
    • SFDA (for some items depending on emirate)

    Examples of regulated products:

    • Food Items: Must be registered under Dubai Municipality Food Import System (FIRS)
    • Cosmetics & Perfumes: Requires label compliance + DM registration
    • Electronics: ESMA approval (if applicable)
    • Health supplements: Must follow UAE registration norms

    Understand certification needs early to avoid shipment delays.

    Step 3: Identify the Correct HS Code & Duty Structure

    Determine the accurate HS code for your product to check:

    • Duty rates
    • Import regulations
    • UAE restrictions (if any)

    The UAE generally has low import duties (about 5%) except for specific products like alcohol and tobacco.

    Step 4: Prepare Export Documentation

    Ensure complete and correct documentation.

    Mandatory Documents:

    1. Commercial Invoice
    2. Packing List
    3. Shipping Bill (filed via ICEGATE)
    4. Bill of Lading / Airway Bill
    5. Certificate of Origin (preferably from Chamber of Commerce)
    6. Insurance Certificate
    7. Product Compliance Certificates (as applicable)

    For food & cosmetic exports:

    • Halal Certificate (for meat & certain products)
    • Ingredient list
    • Expiry date label
    • Product artwork

    Step 5: Choose the Right Shipping Method

    Air Freight:

    Ideal for small, high-value, or urgent shipments.

    Sea Freight:

    Cost-effective for bulk consignments.

    Choose based on:

    • Volume
    • Cost
    • Buyer agreement
    • Delivery timelines

    Decide Incoterms (FOB, CIF, DDP, etc.) clearly with your buyer.

    Step 6: Ensure Proper Packaging & Labeling as per UAE Norms

    UAE is strict about labeling and product safety.

    General labeling requirements:

    • Product name
    • Manufacturer details
    • Batch / Lot number
    • Production & expiry dates
    • Country of origin (Must state “Made in India”)
    • Ingredients (for food/cosmetics)
    • Barcode (often required for retail)

    Labels may need English or Arabic, based on product category.

    Step 7: File Shipping Bill & Complete Indian Customs Clearance

    Your freight forwarder or CHA (Custom House Agent) will file the shipping bill.

    After clearance, goods are loaded for shipment to the UAE.

    Step 8: UAE Customs Clearance

    On arrival in UAE ports (Jebel Ali, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah etc.):

    UAE Customs verifies:

    • Commercial invoice
    • HS code
    • Certificate of Origin
    • Compliance documents
    • Barcode / label compatibility

    Applicable duties and VAT (5%) are charged.

    After clearance, goods move to warehouses, free zones, or buyer’s location.

    Step 9: Delivery to Buyer / Marketplace / Distributor

    Goods may be delivered to:

    • Buyer’s warehouse
    • Distributor networks
    • UAE supermarkets and retail chains
    • Amazon UAE (FBA)
    • Noon marketplace warehouses

    Ensure tracking and communication until final delivery.

    Step 10: Claim Export Benefits in India

    After successful export, claim available government incentives such as:

    • RoDTEP (Rebate on Duties and Taxes on Exported Products)
    • GST Refund / LUT Export
    • Duty Drawback (if applicable)

    Maintain shipping documents strictly for audit requirements.

    Top Products India Exports to UAE

    • Food & Spices
    • Textiles & Garments
    • Gold & Jewellery
    • Engineering goods
    • Machinery
    • Plastic products
    • Beauty & cosmetic items
    • Leather & footwear
    • Home décor and furniture

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

    1. Do I need any special approval to export food items to UAE?

    Yes. Food items must comply with Dubai Municipality regulations and be registered in FIRS.

    2. Are cosmetics regulated in UAE?

    Yes. Cosmetics require formulation details and compliance with DM standards.

    3. Does UAE follow strict labeling laws?

    Yes. Incorrect labeling can lead to shipment rejection or relabeling fees.

    4. Can Indian sellers export to Amazon UAE?

    Yes. After meeting packaging and compliance rules, sellers can ship inventory to Amazon FBA UAE.

    5. What import duties apply in UAE?

    Most goods attract 5% duty, except regulated or luxury categories.

    Final Tips for Exporters

    • Study competitor pricing in UAE markets.
    • Maintain high product quality to match UAE market expectations.
    • Use trusted freight forwarders familiar with Middle East logistics.
    • Keep all UAE compliance certificates updated.

    Disclaimer

    This blog is for informational purposes only. Export regulations, customs procedures, and compliance norms may change based on updates by DGFT, UAE Customs, Dubai Municipality, ESMA, and other authorities. Businesses should consult certified professionals before acting on any guidance provided here. Saving Mantra is not liable for decisions made based on this content.

  • APEDA Registration: Step-by-Step Process for Exporters

    Step 1: Ensure You Have a Valid Import Export Code (IEC)

    IEC is mandatory for all exporters.

    Apply through DGFT:
    👉 https://www.dgft.gov.in/

    You will need:

    • PAN
    • Aadhaar
    • Business registration documents
    • Bank details

    Step 2: Visit the APEDA Registration Portal

    Go to the official APEDA website:
    👉 https://www.apeda.gov.in/

    Navigate to:
    Register → Register as Member

    This opens the online RCMC registration form.

    Step 3: Fill Out the Online APEDA Application Form

    Enter the following details:

    • IEC code
    • Company name & address
    • Importer/Exporter details
    • Product categories
    • Contact information

    APEDA validates IEC directly with DGFT.

    Step 4: Upload the Required Documents

    Keep the following documents ready (PDF/JPG format):

    • IEC Certificate
    • PAN Card
    • GST Registration
    • Bank Certificate (APEDA format) or Cancelled Cheque
    • Company Incorporation Certificate / Partnership Deed / Proprietorship proof
    • MSME Certificate (optional)
    • Address Proof of business premises

    Ensure clarity of documents to avoid delays.

    Step 5: Pay the APEDA Registration Fee

    Fee: ₹5,900 (including GST)
    (Fees may change based on APEDA notifications.)

    Payment options:

    • Net Banking
    • Debit/Credit Card
    • UPI

    After payment, you will receive an online acknowledgment.

    Step 6: APEDA Verification and Approval

    APEDA officials will:

    • Verify IEC with DGFT records
    • Check all submitted documents
    • Approve or request corrections if needed

    Upon approval, you will receive login credentials for the APEDA Exporter Dashboard.

    Step 7: Download the APEDA RCMC Certificate

    Once approved:

    • Log in to the APEDA portal
    • Navigate to “Exporter Dashboard → RCMC Certificate”
    • Download the digital certificate

    The RCMC is valid for 5 years, after which renewal is required.

    Post-Registration Benefits for Exporters

    APEDA-registered exporters enjoy several advantages:

    ✔ Eligibility for Export Incentives

    • Access to benefits under the Foreign Trade Policy
    • Participation in Market Access Initiatives (MAI) & Marketing Development Assistance (MDA)

    ✔ Support for Quality Improvement

    • Subsidies for infrastructure and quality certification
    • Assistance for HACCP, ISO, BRC, and other certifications

    ✔ Global Market Access

    • Participation in international trade fairs
    • Support for branding and product promotion abroad

    ✔ Traceability & Compliance Support

    • APEDA traceability systems (e.g., for Basmati, Organics)
    • Training programs & export workshops

    Compliance After APEDA Registration

    Exporters must:

    • Update business details regularly
    • Renew APEDA registration every 5 years
    • Comply with product-specific export guidelines
    • Maintain records for traceability (if applicable)

    Failure to comply may attract penalties or suspension.

    Conclusion

    APEDA Registration is essential for exporters dealing in agricultural and processed food products. With this step-by-step SavingMantra guide, businesses can complete the registration process efficiently and unlock global export opportunities.

    SavingMantra provides complete support with documentation, registration, APEDA portal assistance, and export compliance services.

    Disclaimer

    This blog provides general information based on publicly available APEDA guidelines. Requirements, processes, and fees may change without notice. Exporters should verify the latest details from the official APEDA website or consult a qualified professional. SavingMantra is not responsible for any errors, omissions, or regulatory changes.

  • What is a Shareholder Agreement, Benefits and Process in India

    A Shareholder Agreement is a written contract between the shareholders of a company that defines their rights, responsibilities, and the rules for running the business.
    It helps prevent disputes, protects investments, and ensures smooth decision-making.

    This guide explains in simple terms what a Shareholder Agreement is, why it is important, and how to create one in India.

    What is a Shareholder Agreement?

    A Shareholder Agreement is a legally enforceable contract signed by all or specific shareholders of a company.
    It outlines how the company will be managed and how shareholders will interact with each other.

    It usually covers:

    • Shareholding structure
    • Voting rights
    • Board appointment
    • Rules for selling or transferring shares
    • Dividend policy
    • Dispute resolution
    • Exit options for investors

    It acts as an internal rulebook for shareholders.

    Benefits of a Shareholder Agreement

    1. Prevents Disputes

    Clear rules help avoid disagreements between shareholders on important decisions.

    2. Protects Shareholder Rights

    It ensures that minority and majority shareholders have defined rights and protections.

    3. Defines Ownership and Control

    Outlines who controls what, including voting powers and board representation.

    4. Sets Share Transfer Rules

    Ensures shares cannot be sold to outsiders without following proper procedure.

    5. Helps During Funding and Investment

    Investors often require a Shareholder Agreement before investing in a startup or company.

    6. Provides Clear Exit Mechanisms

    Includes buyback rights, exit options, and valuation methods for shareholders wanting to leave.

    Step-by-Step Process for Creating a Shareholder Agreement in India

    Step 1: Identify the Parties

    List all shareholders who will be part of the agreement.
    This may include founders, investors, or existing members.

    Step 2: Draft the Agreement

    Include important clauses such as:

    • Roles & responsibilities
    • Voting rights
    • Share transfer rules
    • Dividend policy
    • Board structure
    • Dispute resolution
    • Confidentiality and non-compete
    • Exit and buyback terms

    A lawyer or professional usually drafts this document to ensure accuracy.

    Step 3: Review Terms with All Shareholders

    Share the draft with all parties for review.
    Everyone should understand:

    • Rights they receive
    • Limits on their authority
    • Their obligations

    This avoids future misunderstanding.

    Step 4: Finalize and Sign the Agreement

    After all shareholders agree:

    • Prepare the final version
    • Sign the agreement digitally or physically
    • Witness signatures may be included

    Once signed, it becomes legally enforceable.

    Step 5: Stamp Duty and Notarization (Optional but Recommended)

    A Shareholder Agreement may require stamp duty depending on the state.
    Notarizing the document adds extra legal authenticity.

    Step 6: Maintain Copies and Share with Stakeholders

    Store signed copies securely and share them with:

    • Directors
    • Company Secretary
    • Investors (if involved)

    Relevant terms may also be included in the company’s Articles of Association (AOA).

    Key Clauses Every Shareholder Agreement Should Have

    • Shareholding % of each shareholder
    • Lock-in period
    • Right of first refusal (ROFR)
    • Tag-along and drag-along rights
    • Deadlock resolution mechanism
    • Non-compete obligations
    • Valuation method for exit

    These clauses help maintain a stable and transparent business environment.

    FAQ

    Q1. Is a Shareholder Agreement mandatory in India?
    No, it is not legally mandatory but highly recommended for all companies.

    Q2. Can a Shareholder Agreement override the Articles of Association?
    No. If there is a conflict, the company’s AOA usually prevails.

    Q3. Do investors require a Shareholder Agreement?
    Yes. Investors typically insist on one to protect their rights and define exit terms.

    ⚠ Disclaimer

    This article provides general information about Shareholder Agreements in India. Actual legal requirements may vary depending on the business structure, state rules, and investor terms. Always consult a legal expert or company secretary before drafting or signing a Shareholder Agreement.